ABSTRACT
As per latest updates on the vaccines by the World Health Organization (WHO), the total number of vaccines currently under development is more than 192. About 151 are presently investigated in the preclinical phases, while 42 of these vaccine candidates are in the various phases of clinical trials. Ten of these are in the advanced stages of clinical investigation, and promising results in the phase 3 trials will pave the way for their regulatory approvals and subsequent dissemination for global use. Preliminary and interim results of some of these candidate vaccines are already being analyzed for public dissemination. Once safe and effective vaccines are available, the next limiting step would be their mass manufacturing by these companies to fulfill the global demand. Here we describe these vaccines and how their manufacturers are speeding up the efforts to bring them to market. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.
ABSTRACT
Digital transformation (DX) was proposed by Stolterman, who contended that the development of information technology could provide us with a good life. Recently, medical DX has progressed rapidly based on the key trends of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud technology, and next-generation communication. Emerging digital technologies are expected to change the face of otolaryngologic medical care. We summarized recent developments in medical DX in the field of otorhinolaryngology, especially over the last 2-3 years. Big data includes information about insurance receipts, electronic medical records, patients, registry, and health records. Medical AI programs provide automatic interpretations of endoscopic images, CT images, voice data, etc., to assist in the diagnosis of diseases by machine learning of the inputs gathered from a large amount of data. Telemedicine using the next-generation communication technology 5G is found to be useful to provide consultation for patients with upper respiratory symptoms in this COVID-19 pandemic era. Mobile health includes wearable devices and applications on the smartphone. Medical DX is expected to present better medicine for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and welfare of patients in the field of otorhinolaryngology. © 2023 Society of Practical Otolaryngology. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Digital transformation (DX) was proposed by Stolterman, who contended that the development of information technology could provide us with a good life. Recently, medical DX has progressed rapidly based on the key trends of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud technology, and next-generation communication. Emerging digital technologies are expected to change the face of otolaryngologic medical care. We summarized recent developments in medical DX in the field of otorhinolaryngology, especially over the last 2-3 years. Big data includes information about insurance receipts, electronic medical records, patients, registry, and health records. Medical AI programs provide automatic interpretations of endoscopic images, CT images, voice data, etc., to assist in the diagnosis of diseases by machine learning of the inputs gathered from a large amount of data. Telemedicine using the next-generation communication technology 5G is found to be useful to provide consultation for patients with upper respiratory symptoms in this COVID-19 pandemic era. Mobile health includes wearable devices and applications on the smartphone. Medical DX is expected to present better medicine for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and welfare of patients in the field of otorhinolaryngology. © 2023 Society of Practical Otolaryngology. All rights reserved.